Minoxidil for Hair Loss –
How Effective Is It?

• 7 July 2025
• Dr. Ossman Ashraf

Last updated on June 30, 2025

Minoxidil is one of the most widely used non-prescription treatments for hair loss across the world. Originally developed as a medication for high blood pressure, its hair growth effects were discovered as a side effect during clinical use. Since then, topical minoxidil has become a first-line treatment for certain types of hair thinning. But how effective is it, really?

Here, our hair loss clinic takes an objective, practical look at minoxidil — how it works, who it may help, what to expect, and what the research says.

What is Minoxidil?

Minoxidil is a topical medication used to treat hair thinning and certain types of hair loss, such as androgenetic alopecia (commonly known as male or female pattern hair loss). It is typically available in a 2% or 5% solution or foam and applied directly to the scalp.

Unlike some hair loss treatments that require a prescription, topical minoxidil is often sold over-the-counter in pharmacies in many countries, including Australia.

How Does Minoxidil Work?

While the exact mechanism of action is not completely understood, minoxidil is thought to work by:

• Improving blood flow to the hair follicles by widening blood vessels
• Prolonging the anagen phase (growth phase) of the hair cycle
• Increasing follicle size, which can lead to thicker-looking hair

It is important to note that minoxidil does not treat the underlying cause of hair loss. For example, in androgenetic alopecia, the hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) plays a significant role. Minoxidil does not block DHT but may slow hair thinning by supporting follicle activity.

What Types of Hair Loss Can It Help?

Minoxidil is primarily used to treat:

• Androgenetic alopecia in both men and women
• Chronic telogen effluvium, in some cases
• Other forms of thinning where follicle miniaturisation is occurring

It is not typically effective for:

1. Scarring alopecia
2. Active alopecia areata (autoimmune-related patchy hair loss)
3. Hair loss due to nutritional deficiencies or systemic illness, unless those causes are also addressed

A proper diagnosis is important before using any treatment, as not all forms of hair loss respond to the same approach.

What Does the Evidence Say?

Multiple studies have evaluated the effectiveness of minoxidil, particularly for androgenetic alopecia.

• A 2019 review published in Drug Design, Development and Therapy concluded that minoxidil, especially the 5% concentration, showed significant improvements in hair count and hair density in both men and women with pattern hair loss.
• A 2012 double-blind, randomised trial comparing 2% and 5% minoxidil in women found that 5% was more effective in promoting regrowth, though it was also associated with a higher rate of local side effects such as scalp irritation.
• In male pattern hair loss, studies have shown minoxidil increases hair density by 10–12% over baseline after 4–6 months of regular use.

While results can vary, the general consensus is that minoxidil is more likely to slow or stabilise hair loss than to fully reverse it. People who start treatment early, before extensive follicle miniaturisation has occurred, tend to have better outcomes.

How to Use Minoxidil

Minoxidil is usually applied once or twice daily to the affected areas of the scalp. It must be applied consistently to maintain any benefits. It can take three to six months before changes are noticeable, and up to 12 months for full results to become apparent.

Key usage tips include:

• Ensure the scalp is dry before application
• Apply the recommended amount using the dropper or foam
• Wash hands thoroughly afterwards
• Avoid washing the scalp for at least 4 hours after application

Consistency is critical — stopping treatment will likely result in a return to baseline hair density within a few months.

Side Effects and Limitations

Minoxidil is generally well tolerated, but some people experience side effects. These may include:

• Scalp irritation such as redness, dryness, flaking, or itchiness
• Unwanted hair growth on the face or other areas if the product runs or spreads
• Shedding phase in the first few weeks, which is usually temporary

Rare but more serious side effects can include allergic reactions, dizziness, or heart palpitations. People with underlying heart conditions should consult their hair loss clinic or GP before starting minoxidil, as systemic absorption is minimal but possible.

Limitations to consider:

• It must be used indefinitely to maintain any benefits
• It does not work for everyone
• Results can be slow and subtle
• It does not stop the underlying drivers of hair loss such as hormonal factors

Foam vs Solution: Which Is Better?

Minoxidil is available in both foam and liquid formulations. Some people find the foam easier to use and less irritating, as it does not contain propylene glycol — a common cause of contact dermatitis in the liquid version.

Both formulations have been shown to be effective, and the choice often comes down to personal preference and tolerability.

When to See a Hair Loss Professional

Hair loss can be caused by many different factors, including genetics, hormonal changes, scalp infections, autoimmune conditions, medication side effects, nutritional deficiencies, and stress.

If hair loss is sudden, patchy, or accompanied by other symptoms such as itching, pain, or skin changes, it is best to seek medical advice. A doctor at our hair loss clinic can assess the scalp, conduct relevant investigations, and help determine whether minoxidil is appropriate — or whether another treatment is more suitable.

The best way to find out if minoxidil is suitable for your type of hair loss is to have a professional assessment by a doctor with experience in hair loss diagnosis and treatment.

Make Informed Choices About Hair Loss Treatments

Minoxidil remains one of the most commonly used topical treatments for hair loss, particularly for androgenetic alopecia. While it doesn’t work for everyone and must be used continuously, clinical studies support its role in maintaining hair density and slowing progression of hair thinning in many individuals.

As with any treatment, a personalised assessment is key. A clear diagnosis, realistic expectations, and consistent application are essential for anyone considering minoxidil as part of their hair loss management plan. Book your appointment at our hair loss clinics in Melbourne, Sydney, or Parramatta to find out more about this and other hair loss treatments.

FAQs

How long does it take to see results from minoxidil?

Most people need to use minoxidil consistently for at least 3 to 6 months to see visible changes. Initial shedding may occur as older hairs fall out to make way for new growth. The full effect often takes 6 to 12 months. If discontinued, any gains are typically lost within a few months. Our Australian doctor-led hair loss clinics offer in-depth hair and scalp analysis to track treatment progress – speak with our team to learn more.

Is minoxidil more effective for men or women?

Minoxidil can be used by both men and women, although the concentrations and areas of application may differ. Studies have shown positive effects in both groups, with the 5% foam often recommended for men and the 2% solution or 5% foam commonly used for women. Response varies between individuals. To find the right treatment for your needs, our hair loss doctors provide tailored assessments at our Sydney, Parramatta, or Melbourne hair loss clinics – book today.

Can minoxidil regrow hair on a completely bald scalp?

Minoxidil is generally not effective in areas where follicles are no longer active. It works best where hair is thinning or miniaturised, not where the scalp is fully bald or scarred. The goal is usually to slow further loss and enhance existing hair, rather than full regrowth. Hair Doctors offer medical evaluations from experienced hair loss doctors to determine your treatment options – book a consultation for expert guidance.

What are the side effects of minoxidil?

Common side effects include scalp irritation, dryness, flaking, or itching. Some people also report unwanted facial hair growth if the product spreads. Less commonly, dizziness or heart palpitations can occur. Discontinuing use typically resolves side effects. Always follow instructions and speak with a doctor if symptoms persist. Our clinics offer doctor-led care to help monitor treatment response and side effects – book a hair loss consultation for safe, informed support.

What happens if I stop using minoxidil?

Discontinuing minoxidil typically results in a gradual return to baseline hair density within 3 to 6 months. The hair maintained or regrown during treatment may shed. This makes long-term use necessary for sustained benefits. We help patients create manageable treatment plans with both short- and long-term options. Visit Hair Doctors in Melbourne, Sydney or Parramatta for a full assessment.

Does minoxidil work for all types of hair loss?

Minoxidil is most effective for genetic hair thinning like male and female pattern hair loss. It is not recommended for scarring alopecia or active alopecia areata unless directed by a medical professional. Proper diagnosis is essential before beginning treatment. Our hair loss doctors provide accurate diagnosis and comprehensive treatment options – book a consultation at Hair Doctors in Sydney, Melbourne, or Parramatta today.